Flexible coupling



March 27, 1928. 1,664,052

G A. UNGAR FLEXIBLE COUPLING I Filed Jan.9, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet Q 2.? 4 INVENTOR fiawfaaaflv llngar' 7 BY a a M ATTORNEY$ March 27, 1928. 1,664,052

G. A. UNGAR FLEXIBLE COUPLING Filed Jan.9, 192s s Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR BY I M ATTORNEYS G. A. UNGAR FLEXIBLE COUPLING March 27, 1928. 1,664,052

Filed Jan.9, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR M ATTORNEYS March 27, 1928.

- G. A. UNGAR FLEXIBLE COUPLING Filed Jan.9, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVETOR fizuiaWA. Zingal BY MM M M TroRNEYS March 27, 1928. v 1,664,052

- G- A. UNGAR FLEXIBLE COUPLING Filed Jan.9. 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 II IVENTOR I 'zu'Zm'e'A. llnyar Patented Mar. 27, 1928.

- UNITED STATES 1,664,052 TENT OFFICE;

GUSTAVE A; UNGAR, or PELHAM MANOR, NEW YORK.

FLEXIBLE Application fi led January This invention is an improvement in that type of universal joint or coupling in which the transmission of torsional strains between rotatable driving and driven members. is through flexible parts, .Whereby relative movements of said, members are permitted, and the necessity ofaccurate positioning of the members and theuse of surfaces moving in contact with each other with resultant friction, rvear and need for frequent lubrication, are avoided.

Economy is effected in the manufacture of many machines, apparatus and the like, having rotatable driving and driven members,v if it is permissible to eliminate the necessity for extremely accurate positioning of the axes of said members, andif onemay use bearings or frame structures'which are not necessarily so heavy and rigid as to hold the members against vibration or other forces tending to cause-even a slight relative moveiuent of the members at thecoupling. Also, it is desirable that rotational variations such as slight accelerating and decelerating move ments of one member be. absorbed in, the coupling Without being transmitted to the other member, i v

The axes may be out of alignment due to an eccentric but parallel positioning or a slight angular positioning thereof, or both, and at the same time, orindependently thereof, the rotatable members may have jslight axial movement, and should be permitted to have slight cushioned relative rotational movement. s i

Many difliculties or defects have been encountered in devices of this type which. have heretofore been employed. If the flexible parts be of metal, t-hecontinuous flexing during use causes fatigue in the metal, and eventual breaking. The parts should be de-' signed to drive in one direction of rotation as well as another, but should permit a limited but yieldingly resisted back lash orrelative rotation and limited rela-tiveradial and axial movements of the members. The "flexible parts should notbe radially, axiallyor-ton' sionally rigid, but at thejsa me time the parts should beheld to the maximum vdegree against any change 1n positlonunderfthe influence of centrifugal force ath gh rot-a tionalspeeds c The forceexerted on the flex ible partsor any'parts supported or carried thereby, should be' so distributed and balanced that Wobbling or irregular movement cont nue. it

e T19 2 5. .Serial No. 1,350.

'eflicient in operation, and durable in use.

As the most important feature of my invention I make the flexible parts of nonmetallic flexible sheet-like material, preferably of multiple-ply fabric vulcanized together,'and I so shape them that they have normal curvature both in a radial direction and in a circumferential j tlirection. The

radial curvature is such that radial rigidity is avoided becausethecurvature may varyto the necessary-extent upon relative axial.

or'radial movement of the driving and driven members, and may also vary during rotation if there be any lack of truealig'n ment of the axes of said" members; The flexible members each extend along'a considerable arc circumferentially of the device,

and are comparatively'short radially, so that they have sufficientstrengthffor the transmission of high power, but may bend to cushion or absorb shock in starting and stopping v and prevent transmission of. slight speed variations from one member to the other during operation; I v

1 "lhe flexible parts have substantially'stii'f or rigid outer and innerannular sections, each of which may rotate at high speedabout its. own substantially fixedrotational center, dueto the flexing of the intermediate portion, and the annular part Which is flexibly supported may remain in a single plane withoutjwobbling. V

Asa further feature I makethe normal molded and vulcanized radial curvature'a compound curve so that sharp angle bends are avoided in extreme flexure and the flattening ofione curve part is accompanied by a flattening of the reverse'curve;

. As a further feature the thickness of the flexible member is made greater adjacent to the inner clamped part. Thus there is the greatest strengthwhere the torsion strain is greatest, and also there is greater resistance to bending atfa sharp angle at the edge of the clamped part;

7 As a further feature the coupling as man ufactured for, use or sale has the annular parts which are to be fastened to the driving Fig.

and driven members, clamped between opposed metal surfaces which have effective surface gripping act-ion and pressure thereon. Thus in installing the coupling it is merely necessary to- .boltor otherwise secure these metal parts to the driving and driven members and the shear or driving pressure at the bolt holes of these metal parts is transmitted to the clamped surfaces of the flexible members.

As a further important feature the mem-' bers are of spider form, that is, they include radially extending circumferentially spaced arms or sections capable of independent flexare. The spacing of the arms at the circumference may be substantially equal to the width of the several arms, whereby two members may be secured together at'the periphery with the arms of one arranged alternately tothose of the other, in a single plane, and the outer portions of all of the arms connected by a single rigid or stiff annular clamping or connecting member. .The arms may be arranged in pairs with their outer edges in parallel planes or arranged in staggered but overlapped positions.

As a further feature the arms of the several flexible spider members are formed separately, the fabric in each being of multipleply, and so folded as to conceal and protect all cut or selvage edges of the fabric.

b As a further important feature, particularly in couplings designed for the transmission of high power, each flexible member is formed of aplurality of axially spaced portions each of multiple-ply fabric, whereby internal stresses and fabric stretching are reduced to the minimum during flexing, and a multiplicity of gripping surfaces are presented.

-Various other important features will be pointed out hereinafter or will be apparent from a consideration of the important advantages gained by the-several different forms which my invention may assume, and which are hereinafter described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that these drawings are to be considered in an illustrative rather than in a limiting sense.

In these drawings:

Fig, 1 is an end view of a coupling embodying my invention, a small part being broken away and taken on the line 11 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of F ig. 1. a

Fig. 3 is an end view partly in section on the line'3 3 of Fig. 5, and showing another form. V I

i Fig. 4 is "an edge view of the construction shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5- 5 of Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are face views of alternative constructions of flexible members.

Fig, 9 is a detail View of one form of outer clamping means.

Figs. 10 and 11 are longitudinal sections showing alternative means for anchoring the flexible members in the clamping means.

Figs. 12 and 13' are end views of further forms.

Fig. 14 is a section on the line 1&14 of Fig. 13.

Figs. 15 and 16 are longitudinal sections showing constructions embodying a plurallty of flexible members ax ally spaced for large power units.

Fig. 17 is a face view of theclamping means employed in Figs. 16 and 17. i

F ig." 18 is' a face view of a spacer which may be employed in the construction'shown in Figs. 12, 13, and16.

Fig, 19 is a face view of a strip of multiple-ply stitched fabric from which the separate arms of the flexible members may be formed.

Figs. 20 and 21 are transverse sections.

showing different folded arrangements of the strip shown in Fig. 19. V

Fig. 22 is a view similar to Fig. 5, but

showing an alternative construction of pev ripheral annulus.

Fig. 23 is aseictional detail showing a still 7 further form of peripheral annulus.

Fig. 24 is a section on theline 24.-24c of Fig. 23.

25 is asomewhat diagrammatic longitudinal section similar to Fig. 2, and show ing the parts in aligned and normal positions. g V i Figs. 26 to 29 are Views similar to Fig. 25, but showing themanner in which the flexible members bend to take care of varying relative positionings of the driving and driven members, the members being movable axially toward each otherin Fig. 26, axially away from'each other in Fig. 27, eccentrically and out of alignment in Fig. 28 and angularly in Fig. 29. i

. Figs. 30 and 31 are -longitudinalsect-ions showing an alternative assembling arrangesection on the line 535 of ing means,

toFigf34 but showing an alternative arrangement ofspad F ig. 37'is a faceiview of oneof the outer annuli showing a form of clampingsurface which may be employed. ,1

Fig. 38 is-a sectional detail of a construction embodying... the member shown in Fig. 37.

Fig. 39 is a face view of. the outer portion of one ofthe members after 'vulcanizi'ng,

and before attachment "to the metal annulus. Fig. 10 is a section on the line 10- 10 of Fig. 39.

Fig. 41 is a detailshowing a stitching ar-.

rangement-for connecting the flexible'members at their outer edges. v Fig. 12 is asection on therline 42-t2 of Fig. 41.

. Fig. 43 is a detail showing a construction similar'to that shown in Fig. 41, except with an outer stiffening or reinforcing. casing.

' Fig. 14 is a section on theline i t- 14: of Fig. 43. i

Fig. 15 is a face view of a portion of an" inner clamping annulus which may be -employed. Fig. 16 is a section through aconstru'ction embodying the member shown in FigL 15, the position of. such section being indicated by the'line 16-46 ofFig.45. I

lvly improved flexible coupling includes three stiff or rigid annuli connected together in series by a pair of flexible members, said each member'of a plurality of layers or ply of rubberized: fabrievulcanized together in molds so shaped asto give the desired normal curvature; 7

. Referring particularly to Fi'gs.'1 and 2, it will be seen that each'flexible member has an inner stifl,"rigid, or inflexible edge portion 10, an outer stiff, rigid or inflexible edge portion 11, and an intermediate curved flex-' ible portion 12. The marginal or edge portions 10 and 11 may be connected tothe intermediate flexible portion 12 by semi-flexible connecting portions 13 and 14c. The inner edge portion 10 may include a larger number of fabric layers than does the flexible portion 12, and certain of these layers may extend out into the semi-flexible connecting'portion 13 so thatthere is a gradual reduction in thickness and a'stiffeningorreinforcing of the portion. 13 inrespect to the part 12. This prevents sharp bending of the fabric at the outer edge of the inner portion 10, and also assists in the trans- InlSSlOIl of power as the torsional stresses-are greater at the inner edge of the flexible :mem

her. than they are at the outer edge.

'' "The innerand outeredge portions 10 and 11 lie. indifferent planes which may be par-, allel to each other. and. axially spaced, as

shown in'Fig. 2, or in other relationships as later pointed out and as illustrated particularly in Figs. 5 and23. The inner edge portion is preferably permanently clamped or held in its rigid or inflexible position by a 'metal annulus which may include a pair of clamping rings 15 and 16'appliedtooppoa sitesurfaces of the flexible member, secured together by rivets 17. or other connecting means to hold the flexible member under compression. One of these clamping rings may have an inner flange 18 for insuring proper centering in respect to the flexible member, and one of them may have an outer flange 19 for insuring proper centeringin respect to a hub or collar 20 in connection with which the coupling rnay be. employed,

and whichmay serve for connecting, the latter to a shaft. Theelainp'ing rings. may be connectedto the hub in any suitable manner, as for'instance by screw bolts 21. 1 -As the inner edge of the flexible member is tightly clamped and under compression between the a clamping rings, the torsional strains are transmittedfrom the hub 20 to the flexible member, or vice versa through the t-117.1-f:2 50 gripping of the flexible members without theflexible members exerting shearing strain on the :clamping bolts, as will be more particre larly'pointed out'hereinafter. I

Two of the-flexible members are employed and their outer edges are connected together.

and are held stiff and rigid anouterv annulus which preferably Includes a pairoi' clamping rings 22 connected together by rivets, screw bolts, or other suitable means 23. The clamping ringsho'ld the outer ed of the flexible members under compression,

and-therefore torsional strains are here also preferablyi ansmittedby surface gripping of the members, rather than by shearing strains at the bolts or rivets. 1

Theflexible portion 12 of'each member normally presents a compound curve." That 1s, each portion-of the member along a radial line is curvec'lflrst in one direction and then in 'theotherh Considering the member as shown in Fig. 2, and as viewed from the ex tenor, the semi-flexlble portion 13 is concave, the intermediate orma n flexible portion 12 is convex, while the other semi-flexible portion 14 is conca-ve. I By reason of the out wardbendm'g or curvature, at the portion 1.3, the annularhollow'body formedby the two members is of greaterlongitudinal dimen-- lot) sion at a point within the flexible portion 12 than at the inner-clamped portions 10-10. By reason of this compound curvature and rigid annular portion 11 between the two flexible portions 1212, the driving and driven members which include or are connected to the hub may occupy various different positions in respect to: each other without interfering with the proper power transmission, and without setting up wobbling motion in the outer annular portion,

and without materially stretching or excessively bending the flexible portions. The compound curvature permits eccentric positioning of the driving and driven members as shown in Fig. 28, which is not possible with the ordinary type of flexible disk coupling, and it permitsangular displacement of the axes as shown in Fig. 29, orendwise displacement as shown in Figs. 26 and 27, without exerting any material stretching of the flexible member. As the outer annular portion is a stiflor rigid annulus, it assists also curved circumferentially, and this dou-' ble curvature gives to the flexible members sutficient strength for the adequate tran mission of torsional strains, but at the same. time does not give rigidity against limited relative rotation. Thus slight acceleration and decelerating speed variations in eitherthe driving or the driven member may be absorbed or cushioned without transmission. to the other member.

As the torsional strain in the flexible memher is greatest in the unclamped portion having the smallest radius and circumference, I make that portion of the member of complete or substantially complete circular form, and, aspreviously noted, preferably make it of greater thickness or stiffness-than the remainder of the flexible portion. I have discovered that the outer edge of the unclamped portion may be made to extend through a very materially smaller circular arc than the inner edge, without reducing the strength or torsion-transmitting power. I have further discovered that I can make the flexible members of skeleton or spider form, with each armot a width at its outer end approximately the same as the width .at

the inner end, thereby reducing weight, 'economizin g materlal, reducing cost, facilitating cooling to remove heat generated in back and forthbending' of the members, increasing the life of said members, facilitating molding of the members, facilitating assembly, and securing other results hereinafter referred to, Without power-transmitting efliciency.

In Figs. 6, 7 and 8 1 have shown-a form which each flexible member may assume. It is this form which is illustrated as embodied in Figs. 1 and 2, hereinbefore described.

reducing the The inner rigid portion 10 of the flexible member, may be an annular part, while the flexible portions and the outer rigid or clamped portion v11 are subdivided circumferentially into sections or the corresponding portions of radially extending arms. The ratio of outside diameter of the inner clamped portion to the inside diameter'of the outer clamped portion'ma y be such that the side edges of each armmay be substan tially parallel and the arms may meet ad jacent to the outer edge of the inner part 10,

while the ends of each arm extend throu'glr approximately 60 of circular arc. In'such a proportioning, the space between the outer ends of adjacent arms is equal to the width of eacharm. This is ofadvantage insome constructions, asit permits two of the spidershaped, dished disks to be assembled with the arms of one in alternating or staggered relationship to those of the other, and with evident that I am not limited to a plane at right angles to the axis of the coupling, as

shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The plane may be a cylindricalplane, as in Figs. 3, 4t, 5 and22.

In the constructions shown in these figures the terminal portions of each arm project axially rather than radially, andtherev'erse curve of the semi-flexible portion 14 of Figs. 1 and 2- is omitted. The construction does have a compound curve inasmuchas the portions 12v and 18 curve in opposite directions. Instead of using two similar continuous clamping rings 22, suchas' shown in Figsl and 2, I employ a .pair of concentric rings, one oflwhich is preferably made upof .sections. the arms of theflexible members are clamped between an outer. ring 22 andan inner ring; 22", by means of bolts 23*. as 22 may be made of sections. 1

As shown, the outer edge portions of One of the rings The construction shown in Fig. 22 issimir lar in most respects to that shoWn'in-Fig. 5,v

transverse gIOOVQS.

cured. The form shownin Fig. 22 is other;

wise similar to that shown in Fig. 5, although it differs in certain minor details, such for instance as the use of screwbolts 23* instead of bolts to receive nuts, and employs screws 1? instead of the rivets 17 of Fig. 5.

In making up the flexible members I preferably employ, as previously noted, a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together. There are various ways in which these may be cutand assembled. In Fig. .8 Ihave shown a form of flexible member in which each main ply or layer ofthe fabric is of the full size and shape of the entire member, and thus the fabric formfabric alongtheedges of the arms which .might resultin fraying or slight ravelling,

ing the layers of each armis integral with an'dformed as the same piece with the fabric forming all of the other arms. In addition to. the main layers, there may be annular supplemental layers to stiffen or increase the thickness ofthe inner clamped portion 10, and possibly a part of the semi-flexible portion 13. The fabric employed is preferably of the same general type as that em ployed in making automobiletire casings, namely rubberized canvas. The several layers when assembled are pressed together and vulcanized by the application of the proper heat, while the pressure is maintained. A larger number of "ply may be employed in the part 1.0 without increasing the thickness, due to the increased pressure exerted, resulting in squeezing out some of the rubber. The several layers may be so cut that the warp and woof threads of each layer extend in a different direction from those of any other layer, whereby uniformity in resisting stretching action is secured. A fabric may be especially woven for use in making the layers, and may have one set of threads extending radially and the other set extending-in concentric circles or spir y i In Fig. 6 I have shown a flexible member of the same shape as that shown inFig. 7, but themain layers of each arm are cut sepa rately and are assembled in the proper relative positions in the mold before vulcanizing.

' Annularreinforcing layers 2% may be placed beneath, upon, or between the main layers of each arm and vulcanized thereto, so that in the finished member all 0f the arms will be permanentlyconnected. By making the arms separately instead.- of from a single piece, the layers may be so cut as to make .the direction of the threads the same in all of thearms. In Fig. 6. I have indicated the threads along the center line of each" arm extending radially. Thus the threads in no two. arms arein alignment or at right angles to each other. It will of course be evident that here also all of the layers of anyone arm need not have the same direction of warp and Woof threads.

In Fig. 7 I have indicatedthe threads adjacent tog'the edges/of the inner end of the flexible portion. extending substantially tangentially tov the; outer circumference of .the innerclamped portion. Thus torsional strains, due-to the application of power to the inner clamped portion will; be essentially in the direction of the length of the threads in the flexible-portions. This gives greater strength and less stretch or relative rotational movement of the driving, and driven parts vHere as in Fig; 6 the main layers forming the several arms may be' connected together by annular fabric rings 24 vulcanized thereto. 7 r

To avoid the exposing of cut edges ofthe I may and preferably do make the several layers of veach'arm from a single sheet of 19, 20 a1'1d-2l.- ,A single sheet 25 of fabric is selected or cut of such width that when folded it will give the desired number of thicknesses, each of a width equal to the desired width of the arm. In folding, care should be [taken to bring the free edges within the fold. p 1 i As shown in Fig. 20 the sheet is folded to give four ply, while in'Fig. 21 a sheet of approximately twice the width is folded,

to give eight ply. The several ply or layers are stitched together by longtudinal lines of stitching 26, and cut on transverse lines 27 .a'nd 28 to givesections of such shape that when bent to the desired curvature and vulcanized. in ,the mold, theywill form arms 7 llU erable that-the ,holes be formed without the actual-cutting-of any of thethreads of the fabric. The mold then may be provided with comparatively sharp pointed pins, whereby the layers of the fabric, as they are placed in the mold or as the mold is closed up,' will be pierced by these pins which will push aside the threads to form the desired holes. This has the advantage in that the fabric is not weakened by the cutting of any of the threads and the fabric is stiffened or reinforced around the holes by the Compacting of the threadsas they are pushed aside by the In molding the flexible members the inner and outer edges may be madeof materially increased thickness to preclude the possibility of the edge portions drawing out of the clamping rings. In Fig. 10 I have shown a construction in which the several ply going to make up each flexible member areiseparated at their inner edge to receive a rubber or other wedging ring 29 which is vulcanized in place, and the same is done with the outer edges to receive a similar ring or strip 30. These act as spreaders and increase the effective thickness so that better gripping action is secured. The inner clamping rings may be vulcanized directly to the fabric instead of being applied after the vulcanizing. In Fig. 10 I have shown a construction in which the clamping rings 15f and 16 are of such form that they may be riveted to the fabric before vulcanizing, and then vulcanized directly thereto or applied and riveted after vulcanization. In some cases the vulcanizing may be suflicient to permanently attach the clamping rings to the flexible .members. This is particularly true if the clamping members be so formed as to permit the desired anchorage.

In Fig. 11 I have shown clamping rings 16 and 15 with countersunk openings therethrough which may receive rubber plugs 31 which will be vulcanized tothe canvas and thus hold all the parts together. After the two separate flexible members have been made and vulcanized they may have the outer or spreading rubber ring vulcanized thereto after the members have been clamped between the rings 22 which areheld together by rivets 23.

As shown particularly in Fig. 9, the flexible members may extend out radially beyond the clamping rings so that the thickened outer edge makes a permanent anchorage against any longitudinal pull on the arms.

In making the'flexible members of spider form it is not essential that the outer ends of theanns be of a width equal to the space between adjacent arms. The arms may be wider than the spaces. In such arrangement it is not convenient to bring the outer ends ofall the arms llltOxfl. single plane, and as it, is more convenient toplace them in parallel planes it ceases. to be 'material whether the arms are in staggered arrangement or in parallel pairs.

In'Fig. 12 I have shown a form which is quite similar to the construction shownin Fig. 1, except that the flexible arms 32 are wider than the arms shown in Fig.1. Thus and which brace one arm in respect to the other circumferentially and hold the clamping rings at uniform distances. p v Instead of having the arms staggeredas in .Fig. 12, they may be arranged parallel as in Figs. 13 and'let. Y Fig. 13'involves the same identical parts as in Fig. 12,- but constitutes a different assembly. In Fig; lsthetwo spacers come opposite to'each other or a spacer of doublethickness is employed. In

building up couplings of this character I preferably employ the folded multiple ply construction of arms as indicated in Figs. 1'9, 20 and 21. a r f If the outcr ends of the arms are not of such width as will permit bringing them into the same plane with the ends of the arms of the adjacentmember', then it is not essential that these outer ends lie in parallel planes. Various different forms of coupling rings may be employed. As shown in Figs. 23 and 24, I may employ an inner ring 34 having its outer surface presenting oppositely inclined gripping portions" and adapted for cooperation with a pair of rings 35 which also present inclined surfaces and which may be brought together to clamp,

It will be noted thatthis construe necessary to provide the flexible me'mb er with rivet or bolt holes. 7

For the transmission of high power where larger cross-section of flexible member is necessary. I avoid the stiffness andri-gidity which would result from increasing the to an inner annulus 37, while the outer ends of the two flexible members of the two annuli 36 are clamped to the outer or intermediate annulus 38 also in spaced relationship. For avoiding shearing strains at the bolt holes, and for spacing the flexible members each annulus 37 is rovided witha flan e39" and a series of longitudinallyextending teeth on the cylindrical surface at the side of the flange. h spacer 40 and a-separate clamping ring 41 have coacting teeth so that relative rotation of the members 40 and ll in respect to the member 37 is prevented.

Thus the bolts 42 which connect the flange 39, the spacer-40, the clamping ring 41, and

the two flexible members, do .not have to resist torsional strains and act merely to clamp, the parts in an axial direction. The outer annulus 38 may .be similarly 0on structed. The body portion thereof may havea flange39, a spacer 40- and a clamping ring.v 41 through which extend the bolts 42. i

In Fig. 15 I h veshown the arms of each. flexible member connected to oneannulus arranged in the same planes with and alter nating with the arms of the flexible members secured to the other annulus 37. If the arms be too wide for this arrangement, they may be all disposed 'in separate planes as indicated in Fig. 16, where the annulus 38 has its flange 39 mtermediate of its ends rather than upon one end, and there are two of the spacersand two of the clamping rings. Obviously the arrangement shown in Fig.

16 requires the use of spacers such as that shown in Fig. 1 8. .The use of two or three flexible members instead of a single member of two or three times the thickness has a further. advantage in thatit; presents an 32. Here the hubs 43 which are connected to the driving and driven members have larger diameter flanges e h the outer edges. ofwhich are clampedto the outer edges of the two flexible members 45.

Theinner edges ofthe two flexible members [are directly clamped together by a collar 46 having. a flange and clamping collar for rivets The flange .44; may be integral.

or bolts. v withfthehub 43 as shown in Fig- 30, or

there may be a clamping ring 47 of such width that it may be directly secured to a.

hub 20, such as that shown in Fig. 2.

If the flexible members he of spider form their outer ends may be arranged alternately as shown in Fig. 30, or they maybe arranged in pairs as shown n Fig. 31.

Their outer ends may be spaced by spacers 33 as indicated in Fig. 32 orthe members This is preferably is or 1-7 may have lugs l8, the same as shown in Figs. 34 and 35, or may have pockets to receive the outer ends of the arms and hold them aga nst any relative C1I cumferentialmovement. I

It will be obvious that such an arrangement as shown in Figs. 30 and 31, the length of the collar 46 is notmaterial and that the inner ends of the flexible members may be clamped in spaced relationship. a

, In Fig. 33 I have shown a construction in which thereare employed hubs 9.0 and clamping members 47 substantially the same as 'in Fig. 31, but two 'separatepairs of clamping members 49 are employed for the inner edges of the two flexible members 45, and these twoclamping members 49 are spaced apart and separately connected to an intermediate shaft 50. It the flexible niem-.

bers be secured between the lugs48 on the members47, .as shown in Figs. 3% and 35, it will be apparent that it is not necessary to provide bolt holes except in each alternate space. It will also be apparent that it is not possible to change the assembly with such an arrangement as is possible if, there be a uniform row of bolt holes 51, as shown in Fig. 36, and spacers .52 be. employed in place of the lugs 48. v j

The clamping rings for both the inner and'outer edgesof the flexible members should'have ample radius where the flexible material emerges so as to give gradual pressure release. 7 Furthermore the clamping rings or other parts should be so firmly compressed against the flexible material or so designed that substantially the. entire transmission of torsional strains between the flexible members and the. clamping rings is by surface contact. It is alsodesirable that the rivet or bolt holes through the clamping rings be so positioned radially that the amount of material outside of or beyond the row of belt. or rivet holes is substantially equal to that within or encircled by the row of holes. 7 In other words, the row of holes should be slightly nearer tothc' outer edge of theclamping surface than to the inner edge.

In Fig. 37 I have shown details of a clamping construction in which the clamping ring 53 has a series 0t"circumferential currugations inits operating face. so that when two of theserings are forced against the opposed surfaces of the flexible material they impress corresponding corrugations in i saiclmaterial and give the desired gripping action. I j

,In Fig. 37 I haveshown anarrow (Z indieating the inner diameter of the clamping face, an arrow. D indicating the outer diameter of the clamping face and an arrow d indicating the diameter ofthe center line of the rivet or bolt holes. The diameter a? should be such in respect to the diametersd and D, that the area of the annular strip between the circles having diameters (l and d, and the area of the annular strip between the circles having the diameters d and D will be equal. Thus the row of rivets or bolts will be midway between two clamped portions of equal area.

In some constructions it may be desirable to vulcanize the outer edges of the two flexible members together and in such a construction there may be. vulcanized to said members a pair of ridges or flanges 54 as shown in Figs. 39 and 40, which will engage with the inner edge of the clamping rings and prevent moisture from seeping into the fabric between said clamping rings. These ridges or flanges may be comparatively soft so that they can give during bending of the flexible members and at the same time aid in rendering portions of the latter only semiflexible as compared to the main portion 12.

In some constructions it may be possible to eliminate the outer clamping rings and so connect and stiffen the. flexible members themselves as to form a rigid outer annulus. In Figs. 41 and 42 I have shown a construction in which the outer edge portions of the flexible members are placed between a pair of annular fabric strips which are connected to the outer portions 11 by lines of stitching 56, and sealed at the inner edge by rubber ridges or flanges 54, the same as shown in Figs. 39 and 40. Preferably such a construction as shown in Figs 41' and 42 is encased in an outershell which aids in giving the desired stiffness. V

In Figs. 43 and 44, I have shown aconstruction substantially the same as that shown in Figs. 41 and 42'with an outer casing or shell 57 enclosing the outer edge portions of the flexible members. This may be of comparatively hard, stifl, vulcanized rubber or rubber composition.

In Figs. 37 and 38 the clamping ring con struction is that intended for theouter edges of the flexible members. It will be obvious that the samerelative positioning of the row of holes in respect to the edges of the clamped surface and the same surface corrugation should be employed for the clamping rings for the inner edges of the flexible members.

In Figs. 45 and 46 I have shown such clamping rings 58 with corrugations 59 but have shown the corrugations flatter and fewer in number. It will of course be understood that so far as concerns the detail of the :clamping members in Figs. 1 to 5, 9 to 14,

and 30 to 36, these parts are somewhat diagrammatically illustrated and that in any of these constructions there might and preferably would be employed certain of the details illustrated in Figs. 37 to 46 inclusive.

Having thus described my invention, what a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized.

together, and having outer and inner edge portions spaced axially, and an intermediate flexible continuouslycurved connecting por tion, said inner edge portion having means secured thereto for holding the same stiff and rigid.

2. A torquetransmitting flexible element for couplings, said element being formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together, and having outer and inner edge portions spaced axially, and an intermediate flexible continuously curved connecting portion, said inner edge portion having a pair of clampingirings securedt-hereto and holding said last mentioned portion under pressure.

8. A torque-transmitting flexible element for couplings, said-elementbeing formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together, and having outer and inner edge portions spaced axially, and an intermediate flexible continuously curved connectingportion, said inner edge portion having a pair of clamping rings upon opposite sides thereof, and riveted together, through said edge portion to hold the latter stiff and rigid and to provide means for attaching said element toa driving or driven part.

4. A torque-transmitting flexible element for couplings, comprising a spider formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together.

5. A torqiie transmitting flexible element for couplings, having an annular central portion and a series'of radially extending arms, each formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together.

6. A torque-transmitting flexible element including a plurality of circumferentially spaced, radially extending, axially curved flexible arms formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together.

7. A torque-transmitting flexible coupling 7 including a pair of annular elements, each formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together and each having outer and inneredge portions, a pair of clamping rings engaging the inneredge portion of one of said elements and adapted to be secured to a driving member, a' pair of clamping rings engaging with the inner edge portion of the other element and adapted to be secured to a driven member, and a pair of clamping rings connecting together the outer edge portions of saidelements.

8. A torque-transmitting flexible coupling including a pair of elements each of spider form, and having an inner annular portion and a plurality of outwardly extending gether' by frictioning material, and a pair of clamping rings connecting the outer ends of all of said arms and holding them stiff and rigid in respect to each other, the intermediate portions of said arms being flexible,

and said inner annular portions being axially spaced.

10. A torque-transmitting flexible coupling including a driving member, a driven member, and a flexible disk formed of a plurality of layers of fabric secured together and having the peripheral portion ofl'set from the plane of the central portion, one of said members being secured to said central portion, and the other of said members being secured to the peripheral portion, said disk having the peripheral portion subdivided into peripherally spaced sections whereby radial, axial, or tilting movement of one of said members in respect to the other is permitted.

11. A torque-transmitting flexible coupling including a disk having a plurality'of radially projecting sections made up of a plurality of layers of fabric pressed and vulcanized with the outer ends axially offset in respect to the inner ends and the intermediate portions continuously curved.

12. A torque-transmitting flexible coupling including a plurality of elements each formed of a plurality of layers of fabric connected together by frictioning material, and each having a series of radially extending arms, means for connecting the outer ends of the arms of one elementto the outer ends of the arms of the other element, said means including circumferentially extending spacers between the opposed edges of the outer ends of the arms of each element.

13. A flexible coupling including a driving member, a driven member approxi' and means for securing the other edges of said diaphragm members to the driving and driven members respectively, each of said diaphragm members having an intermediate flexible portion curved axially of the coupling, and portions connecting said flexible portion to the edge portions, and of less flexibility.

15. A torque-transmitting flexible coupling including a pair of annular diaphragm members, a drivingmember, a. driven member, means for connecting together the two corresponding edges of the two diaphragm members and holding said edges inflexible, and means for securing the other edges of said diaphragm members to the driving and driven members respectively, each of said diaphragm members having an intermediate flexible portion curved axially of the coupling, and portions connecting said flexible portion to the edge portions, and of less flexibility, the flexible portion being curved in one direction, and the two less flexible portions being curved in the opposite direction. 7 T I v,

16. torque-transmitting flexible coupling having a diaphragm or sheet-like element including an inflexible outer portion, an inflexible inner annular portion, an intermediate flexible portion, and two portions connecting said flexible portion to said inflexible portions, and of less flexibility than said flexible portion," said flexible portion being curved in one-direction and said third mentioned portions being curved in the opposite direction.

17. A torque transmitting flexible element for couplings, the said element being formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together and having radially spaced inner and outer concentric portions, one adapted to be rigidly clamped to a torsion delivering .element and the other adapted to be rigidly clamped to a torsion receiving element, and an annular intermediate torsion transmitting portion 7 extending continuously inwardly from said outer to said inner portion,

the outside diameter of said-inner portion being approximately one-half the outside diameter of said outer portion.

18. A flexible power transmitting element including a disk-like body, having a pair of concentricradially spaced portions, one adapted to be rigidly clamped to a driving member and the other to be rigidly clamped to a driven member,-and an annular flexible intermediate torsion or power transmitting portion extending continuously inwardly from theinner edge of the outer portion to the outer edge of the inner portion, said outerv and inner portions being oflset' axially and said element being formed of a plu rality of layers of fabric vulcanized together.

19. A torque transmitting flexible element for couplings, said element being formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together and having radially spaced'inner and outer concentric portions, one'adapted 'to be rigidly clamped to a torsion delivering element, and the other adapted to be rigidly clamped to a torsion receiving element, and an annular intermediate torsion transmit- .ting portion extending continuously in-v main section to said inner portion, and re? versely curved, whereby said main section bulges axiallybeyond said inner portion.

20. A torque transmitting flexible element for couplings, said element being formed of a, plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together and having radially spaced inner and outerjconcentric portions, one adapted to be rigidly clamped to a torsion delivering element, and the other adapted to be rigidly clamped to atorsion receivingelement, and an annular intermediate torsion transmitting, portion extending continuously inwardlyfrorn vsaidzouter to said inner portion, said intermediate portion being lexible; and continuously curved inwardly from said outer portion to said inner portion, the outside diameter of said inner portion being approximatelyione-half the outside diameter of said outer portion '21. A; torque transmitting flexible element for couplings, saidelement being formed of a plurality of layers of fabric vulcanized together and having radially spaced inner andiouter concentric portions, one adapted to berigidly clamped to a torsion delivering element, and the other adaptedito b'elrigijdly' 'clamped'to a torsion receivingelement, and

intermediate portion including a main: section, the radial components of which continuously curve in a. single direction, and two narrower sections curved reversely' to the curvature of the'main section, and c0n= necting said main section to said inner and outer portions. I

22. A torque transmitting flexible element for couplings, said element being formed of a plurality of layers of fabric-vulcanized together and having radially. and axially spaced inner and outer concentricportions, one adapted to be rigidly clampedto' a. tor sion delivering element, and" the other adapted to be rigidly"clamped-to j a torsion receivingclernent, andan annular interme" diate torsion transmitting portionextending continuously inwardly from said ou ter to' said inner portion,saichintermediate portion being free to flex andincluding'an outer section extending inwardly'irom said outer portion, and 'curving axially, a main section extending inwardly from said outer sec tion, and curving in the reverse direction, and an inner, section; extending inwardly from the main section'to said inner portion, and reversely curved, whereby said main section bulges axially beyond;saidinnerpor tion, the extent ofthe axialspacing being less than the amount of the radial spacing,

and said intermediate portion-curvingcontinuously inwardly from.the inneredge of the outer portion to the outeredge otjthe inner portion. 7 Signed. at. New. York, in the county of New York and State ofjN'cw York, this 6th day of JanuaryvA. D.1925. V

GUSTAfVE 'A'. UNGAR. 

